新形势下高职院校大学生志愿服务城市社区的若干探索

本文通过实地走访调研某高职院校大学生志愿者参与城市社区志愿服务活动,探讨存在的困难与问题,并提出建议。     

如何将生态与文化融入城市发展：基于 英文期刊文献的系统综述

当代建成环境规划设计学界对于可持续城市发展的一般性目标存在相当共识，但在处理城市、生态与文化三者关系上却尚未提出系统性的方法论框架。对7个相关重要英文期刊进行查阅，以期找到可资借鉴的理论方法。采用系统性文献综述法，发现25篇相关文章，按照作者背景、物质载体、研究方法和建议策略4个方面进行归纳总结，讨论了3个未来研究亟待加强的方面，包括开展国际交流合作、拓展对象类型和相关研究方法、丰富对文化内涵的理解，指出了研究在文献搜索范围上的三方面局限性。     

土壤污染防治法背景下的城乡绿地系统建设：趋势与对策

《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》的颁布标志着中国将形成完善的土壤污染防治法律体系，建立从污染土壤调查、修复、风险防控、监测到场地再利用，从环境标准到规划管理的全方位制度。生态文明制度建设的宏观背景，再加上中国土壤污染严重、规模大、修复难、成本高、周期长等特征，将导致大量污染场地转变为绿地或生态用地，最终对绿地系统的数量与规模、布局与功能、规划与管理、环境质量标准等多个维度产生实质性影响。分析这一趋势，对其影响提出预判，最终提出对策建议。     

Identifying the internal structure evolution of urban built-up land sprawl (UBLS) from a composite structure perspective: A case study of the Beijing metropolitan area,China

Differences in the internal composite structure during urban built-up land sprawl (UBLS) will generate different effects, and thus, a city’s spatial structure has important bearings on urban sustainability. This study investigates the spatial and temporal characteristics of the internal structure and allocation relationship of UBLS using multivariate spatial correlation and the Weaver-Tomas composite coefficient based on site data of granted built-up land parcels. Moreover, the composite structure evolution process of UBLS and its driving mechanism are examined in this study. The results reveal that the amount structure of the three types of UBLS (i.e. industrial land sprawl, residential land sprawl and commercial land sprawl) tended to be balanced during the study period. Following the transformation and upgrade of the urban industry structure, the overall composite structure of UBLS ranged from single residential land-use structure (Res.) to industrial-residential land-use structure (Ind.-Res.) In the early period of land marketization, the marketization land granting mechanism caused low spatial correlation between the various types of UBLS and a single composite structure, i.e. Res., single commercial land-use structure (Com.), and residential-commercial land-use structure (Res.-Com.). Subsequently, a dual-driving force including the market economy and government interventions caused a relatively high degree of spatial correlation and a multiple composite structure, i.e. Ind.-Res. and industrial-residential-commercial land-use structure (Ind.-Res.-Com.). However, the evolution characteristics of the composite structure in various regions illustrate some problems, such as the spatial isomorphism phenomenon of the composite structure and the dislocation of urban built-up land allocation. The urban internal built-up land spatial layout pattern is the embodiment of two dominant driving forces, the market and the government, interacting with each other according to natural and socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to reform the future urban built-up land granting mechanism based on market guidance, and the composite structure of UBLS should be adjusted according to the regional function. The government should reinforce the macro-control of land-use planning for the dispersed granted land parcels so as to optimize the urban land-use structure.     

“Been-heres vs. come-heres” and other identities and ideologies along the rural–urban interface: A comparative case study in Calaveras County,California

The rural–urban interface is the place of transition between that which we call “urban” and that which we call “rural.” The interface is situated between two places perceived to be different, but which are indelibly linked. Although the functional differences between “rural” and “urban” people (or those seen as “been-heres” versus “come-heres”) seem to be diminishing, differing perspectives and preferences persist along the rural–urban edge. Such differences influence the way that land users, decision makers, and the community manage the environment and react to landscape change. Using a comparative case study in Calaveras County, California, I examine the differences and similarities between “been-heres” and “come-heres” along several lines: basic demographic characteristics, political party affiliations and ideologies, and conceptions of private property rights, concluding that the dichotomy is false but instructive. The been-here/come-here divide, rather than being a definitive means for characterizing stakeholders or predicting their behavior or perspectives, serves as a heuristic for understanding the starting places of certain actors. Furthermore, this kind of analysis reveals not only where and how people and perspectives contrast but also the ways that they converge. Improving our understandings differing people and perspectives is especially important as decision-makers struggle to plan for and manage livable places and sustainable environments among groups with varying preferences which may sometimes conflict.     

The political economy of wine: How terroir and intra-sector dynamics affect land use in Spain

This paper provides a constructive critique of Corrine Cash's paper “Good governance and strong political will: Are they enough for transformation?”, published in volume 58 of Land Use Policy in 2016. By focusing on how intra-sector dynamics influence land use policies in conflicts revolving around urban sprawl, this paper aims to complement and, to some extent, widen the analytic lens deployed by Cash. The examination of the Spanish wine sector and its lack of zoning policies confirms Cash's argument about the need to go beyond discourses of ‘good governance’ and ‘strong political will’ to understand the dynamics underpinning real spatial processes. However, this exploration underscores the need to add layers of complexity to land use analyses, showing the relevance of intra-sector conflict and logics. In complicating any simplistic reduction of urban sprawl conflicts to rural–urban oppositions, the paper ultimately calls for a more dynamic and multiscalar planning theory to address complex governance issues.     

Traffic evacuation time under nonhomogeneous conditions

During many manmade and natural crises such as terrorist threats, floods, hazardous chemical and gas leaks, emergency personnel need to estimate the time in which people can evacuate from the affected urban area. Knowing an estimated evacuation time for a given crisis, emergency personnel can plan and prepare accordingly with the understanding that the actual evacuation time will take longer. Given the urban area to be evacuated, street widths exiting the area's perimeter, the area's population density, average vehicle occupancy, transport mode share and crawl speed, an estimation of traffic evacuation time can be derived. Peak-hour traffic data collected at three, midblock, Mumbai sites of varying geometric features and traffic composition were used in calibrating a model that estimates peak-hour traffic flow rates. Model validation revealed a correlation coefficient of +0.98 between observed and predicted peak-hour flow rates. A methodology is developed that estimates traffic evacuation time using the model.     

京津冀城市群耦合协调发展及时空演化研究

本文通过构建城市系统指标体系，运用熵权赋值法和耦合协调度模型，测度和分析了2005~2015 年京津冀城市群经济--科技--人口--土地的综合发展水平、协调关系及演化特征。研究表明，从时序看，京津冀城市群经济、科技、人口与土地基本处于低级耦合协调状态，人口发展和土地扩张仍是经济发展的主导模式，而科技系统发展持续低迷，创新驱动格局尚未形成。从空间看，京津冀各城市耦合协调水平整体提升，逐渐形成以北京、天津为中心，沿京津发展轴、京保石发展轴蔓延的协调发展格局，而城市各系统协调发展呈现空间分异特征，“协调高地”与“协调失灵”局面并存。因此，应大力实施创新驱动战略，加快形成人口多中心分布格局，强化土地利用协调管理，促进区域经济、科技、人口、土地协调发展。     

Railway development from the Japanese occupation period to the present – using Kaohsiung city as an example​​​​​​​​

This study intended to discuss the interactive influence of the emergence, transformation and decline of the railway in Kaohsiung Port on urban development, the population, the activities and the economy in the region during the period of 1895–2010, from the perspectives of urban planning, railway development, population and industry. This study used the crossover analysis method, and used the factors of railway development and urban planning, within a fixed time period, to explore the chain dependence relationship among the industry, the population, the regional economy and the railway stations in Kaohsiung city. This study found that urban planning, economic development, railway development and industry have an interactive influence on the overall urban development. Urban planning promotes the rapid growth of the population, and economic development propels the growth and shaping of the regional economy, thus increasing employment opportunities. In addition, the railway development process moves forward with urban development.     

城市功能拓展区域文化产业园发展路径研究

城市功能拓展区既缺少核心区集聚的文化资源优势,又缺少郊区低廉的发展成本优势,但在着力发展文化创意产业的过程中,却可以通过整合文化产业园区资源,形成独特的发展优势.本文运用商业生态学理论,分析城市功能拓展区内文化产业园区发展的“三元”联动主体,构建园区资源整合的双重主体理论,并提出文化产业园区确定主导产业并吸引核心企业以“聚核”、拓展纵向产业链和横向服务链以“聚链”、打造公共平台并进行功能体系建设以“聚网”的“三聚”持续发展路径.